Neurodiversity is the idea that everyone’s brain is different. The term “neuro” refers to the brain and nervous system, while “diversity” refers to differences. Neurodivergence describes people whose brains function or process information differently from what is considered “typical.” Neurodivergent people often think, learn, or react to their environment differently than their same-aged neurotypical peers. These differences in brain function or behavior are not wrong; rather, they are natural variations in how brains function.

While every person’s brain is unique, neurodivergence is most often discussed in relation to autism and ADHD. It can also refer to a variety of other conditions, such as sensory processing differences, stuttering, Tourette’s syndrome, and learning differences.

Because neurodivergent individuals may perceive or react to the world in different ways, they can face challenges that others may not. These challenges might include differences in social interactions or communication, sensory sensitivities or overstimulation, difficulties with executive functioning skills (e.g., planning and organization), and increased vulnerability to bullying or exploitation.

Supporting neurodivergent individuals begins with accepting each person for who they are, not trying to change them to fit what might be considered “typical.” This includes celebrating the differences, unique strengths, and talents of each person. Promoting awareness of neurodiversity and educating others are vital parts of supporting inclusivity. In addition, some neurodivergent individuals may benefit from supports or accommodations, such as assistive technology or sensory strategies.